Probable cause
The US legal standard of belief — supported by specific facts — that a crime has been committed by a particular person.
Probable cause is the constitutional threshold under the Fourth Amendment for arrests, searches and the issuance of warrants in the United States. It requires more than mere suspicion but less than the certainty required for conviction. Judges assess probable cause based on sworn affidavits from law-enforcement officers describing the evidence. In the international wanted context, probable cause (or its equivalent in civil-law countries such as 'indices graves et concordants') is the foundation of the underlying national warrant that triggers a Red Notice. Different legal systems use different names and thresholds, but the concept is widely shared: a formal state decision that specific evidence justifies depriving a person of their liberty.